With more than 3.3 million inhabitants, Madrid is not only the largest city in Spain but also its economic, political, and cultural center. From the famous museums of the "Golden Triangle" to the magnificent Royal Palace and the green oases like Retiro Park – Madrid has something for everyone. In this article, you will learn all about the history, landmarks, neighborhoods, events, and insider tips for your visit.

• Historical Attractions and Architecture – From the Plaza Mayor to the Royal Palace, Madrid offers impressive buildings from various eras.
• Art and Culture – Madrid is home to world-renowned museums such as the Prado, the Reina Sofía, and the Thyssen-Bornemisza.
• A Vibrant Nightlife – In Madrid, there are countless bars, clubs, and live music venues that stay open until the early morning hours.
• Culinary Excellence – Whether it's traditional tapas, Michelin-starred restaurants, or street food – Madrid is a paradise for food lovers.
• Football and Sports – The city is home to Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid, two of the largest football clubs in the world.

• Country: Spain
• Autonomous Community: Madrid
• Population: approx. 3.3 million (metropolitan area over 6.7 million)
• Area: approx. 604 km²
• Foundation: 9th century (first mention as "Mayrit" by the Moors)
• Elevation above sea level: 667 m (one of the highest capital cities in Europe)
• Number of tourists per year: approx. 10 million
• Famous for: Royal Palace, Prado Museum, Plaza Mayor, Gran Vía, football, tapas
• Main shopping street: Gran Vía
• Climate zone: Continental Mediterranean climate with hot summers and cool winters
• Famous festivals: San Isidro (May), Nochevieja (New Year's Eve at Puerta del Sol), Madrid Pride (June/July)

Madrid is today the heart of Spain, but the city was not always the center of the country. Its history dates back to the Middle Ages when it was still a small Moorish outpost.

From "Mayrit" to the Capital of Spain

The origins of Madrid date back to the 9th century when the Moors, under Emir Muhammad I, built a fortress called Mayrit. It was intended to protect the important trade route between Toledo and northern Spain.

In 1083, Madrid was conquered by Alfonso VI of Castile. The city remained a relatively insignificant place for a long time until King Philip II made it the capital of the Spanish Empire in 1561.

With its designation as the capital, Madrid began to rise: magnificent palaces, squares, and government buildings were constructed, which continue to shape the city's landscape today.

Madrid in the 19th and 20th Centuries – From Civil War to Modernity

Madrid played a central role in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). The city was heavily bombed and severely damaged. After the war, economic reconstruction began under Franco, but it was only after his death in 1975 that Madrid experienced a true blossoming with the return to democracy.

Today, Madrid is a modern, multicultural metropolis with a perfect blend of history, art, gastronomy, and vibrant city life.

Madrid is a city full of architectural masterpieces, magnificent squares, and significant buildings. Here are the main landmarks you absolutely shouldn't miss during your visit:

• Royal Palace (Palacio Real) – The largest palace in Western Europe with over 3,000 rooms, stunning opulent halls, and historical artworks.
• Puerta del Sol – The heart of Madrid and the symbolic center of Spain, featuring the famous clock where Spaniards celebrate New Year's Eve each year.
• Plaza Mayor – The imposing rectangular square with red façades and arched corridors, a historical meeting point of the city.
• Gran Vía – The famous shopping and promenade street featuring theaters, cinemas, and historic buildings.
• Retiro Park (Parque del Buen Retiro) – The green oasis of the city with beautiful gardens, statues, and the impressive Crystal Palace.
• Prado Museum – One of the world's most significant art collections, showcasing masterpieces by Velázquez, Goya, and Rubens.
• Santiago Bernabéu Stadium – Home to Real Madrid, one of the most famous football stadiums in the world.
• Templo de Debod – An authentic Egyptian temple right in the middle of Madrid, a gift from Egypt to Spain.

A Perfect Route for Your Madrid Tour

To explore Madrid optimally in one day, you can follow this route:

1. Start at Puerta del Sol – Your Madrid adventure begins here, right at Spain's zero-kilometer stone.
2. Stroll to Plaza Mayor – Enjoy the atmosphere at Madrid's most famous square and treat yourself to a café con leche.
3. Visit the Royal Palace – Explore the opulent halls of Palacio Real and admire the royal gardens.
4. Wander through Gran Vía – Perfect for shopping and impressive architecture.
5. Take a lunch break in Retiro Park – Rent a rowboat on the lake or relax by the Crystal Palace.
6. Tour the Prado Museum – A must for art lovers with works by Goya and Velázquez.
7. End the day with tapas in La Latina – In this neighborhood, you'll find the best tapas bars in the city.

📝 Tip: If you're a football fan, make sure to plan a tour of the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium!

Although Madrid is not a coastal city, there are some important bodies of water that shape the city.

Name	Type	Length/Area	Special Feature
Manzanares	River	92 km	Flows through Madrid and the Casa de Campo Park
Retiro Lake	Artificial Lake	Approx. 1.4 hectares	Popular for rowing in Retiro Park
Casa de Campo Lake	Artificial Lake	Approx. 80,000 m²	Ideal for walks and water sports

The Manzanares River meanders through the city and is particularly beautifully designed in the Madrid Río Park – here there are cycling paths, playgrounds, and recreational areas.

Madrid is not only the cultural heart of Spain, but also the economic and academic center of the country.

The Population of Madrid – Who Lives Here?

Madrid is one of the largest cities in Europe and is constantly growing. Here are some interesting facts about the population:

• Population: about 3.3 million (metropolitan area: over 6.7 million)
• Average Age: 43 years
• Foreign Population: about 15%, mainly from Latin America, Morocco, and China
• Students: Over 300,000, spread across several universities

Madrid attracts people from all over the world – both as tourists and immigrants who come here to work or study.

The Main Industries of the City

Madrid is the economic center of Spain and has a diverse economic structure:

• Financial Sector – Banks like Santander and BBVA are headquartered here.
• Tourism – About 10 million tourists visit the city each year.
• Fashion and Retail – Madrid is Spain's fashion capital with international brands and luxury shops.
• Automotive Industry – Major car manufacturers have plants in the region.
• Media and Film – Madrid is the center of Spanish film and television production.

Madrid has one of the strongest economies in Europe and is an important location for multinational companies.

Madrid is a city that is full of life all year round. Numerous festivals, concerts, and sports events ensure that there is never a dull moment. Here are some of the most important events you shouldn't miss:

• San Isidro (May) – The most important city festival in honor of Madrid's patron saint, featuring bullfights, concerts, and traditional dances.
• Madrid Pride (June/July) – One of the largest LGBTQ+ parades in Europe, with massive street parties and concerts.
• Fiesta Nacional de España (October 12) – Spain's national holiday with a large military parade and celebrations on Gran Vía.
• Nochevieja (New Year's Eve at Puerta del Sol) – Thousands gather here to enter the new year with 12 grapes – a Spanish tradition.
• Madrid Open (April/May) – A high-class tennis tournament that is part of the ATP and WTA tour.
• Christmas Markets (December) – Especially on Plaza Mayor, there are traditional stalls selling nativity figures and sweets during the Christmas season.

San Isidro – The Festival of Madrid's Patron Saint

Every year on May 15, Madrid celebrates its patron saint, Saint Isidore. The city transforms into a large festival avenue with street parades, concerts, and traditional clothing. Many Madrileños wear the typical "Chulapo" outfit, women adorn themselves with flowers, and churros and bocadillos de calamares can be found everywhere.

🎉 Tip: Visit the Pradera de San Isidro, where locals gather for picnics and folk music is played!

Madrid Pride – Spain's Largest LGBTQ+ Festival

Madrid is one of the most LGBTQ+-friendly cities in Europe, and the Pride parade attracts millions of visitors each year. For a week, there are street parties, events, and a huge parade that runs from Gran Vía to Plaza de Colón.

🎉 Tip: The best parties are in Chueca, the LGBTQ+ district of Madrid.

The Biggest Events in Madrid at a Glance

Event	Date	Info	Admission
Madrid Open	April/May	International tennis tournament	Ticket required
San Isidro	May	Traditional city festival with music and dances	Free
Madrid Pride	June/July	One of the largest LGBTQ+ parades in Europe	Free
Christmas Markets	December	Christmas stalls on Plaza Mayor	Free
Nochevieja (New Year's Eve)	December 31	Huge party at Puerta del Sol	Free

Madrid has something for everyone – whether you're a tourist, a couple, single, or with family. Here are our best tips for special experiences in the Spanish capital.

Five special day trips in and around Madrid

1. Toledo – The old capital of Spain, just an hour from Madrid, with medieval streets and an impressive cathedral.
2. Segovia – Known for its Roman aqueduct, the stunning Alcázar castle, and the famous roast suckling pig dish “Cochinillo.”
3. El Escorial – A massive monastery and former royal palace, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
4. Casa de Campo – Madrid's largest park, featuring a lake, cable car, and amusement park.
5. Warner Bros. Park Madrid – Perfect for movie fans and families with children, just 30 minutes from the city.

🎉 Tip: The high-speed trains (AVE) will take you to Toledo or Segovia in less than an hour!

3 recommendations for couples in Madrid

1. Sunset at the Templo de Debod – An Egyptian temple in the middle of Madrid with one of the most beautiful views in the city.
2. Flamenco show at a Tablao – In bars like “Corral de la Morería,” you can experience authentic flamenco with tapas and wine.
3. Boat ride in Retiro Park – A romantic atmosphere amidst the greenery.

3 tips for singles in Madrid

1. Bar-hopping in Malasaña – The trendy neighborhood is perfect for meeting new people.
2. Live music at Sala Sol – A legendary venue for indie and rock concerts.
3. Football match at Santiago Bernabéu or Wanda Metropolitano – Perfect for sports fans!

3 recommendations for families with children

1. Faunia or Zoo de Madrid – Exciting wildlife parks featuring exotic animals and interactive experiences.
2. Matadero Madrid – A cultural center with child-friendly events and workshops.
3. Museo de Cera (Wax Museum) – Perfect for some fun family photos with famous figures.

Three hotel recommendations for your stay in Madrid 🏨

1. Hotel Riu Plaza España – A modern hotel with one of the best rooftop terraces in Madrid.
2. NH Collection Madrid Palacio de Tepa – An elegant boutique hotel in the heart of the city.
3. Only YOU Boutique Hotel Madrid – A stylish design hotel with a cozy atmosphere.

🎉 Tip: Hotels in the neighborhoods Centro, Salamanca, or Retiro are ideal for exploring Madrid.

How to get to Madrid

By plane:

• Madrid-Barajas (Adolfo Suárez) is the largest airport in Spain and only 20 minutes away from the city center.

By train:

• AVE high-speed trains connect Madrid with Barcelona, Sevilla, and Valencia in just a few hours.

By car:

• Madrid is surrounded by highways, but city traffic can be chaotic. Public transport is often the better choice.

Madrid is one of the most exciting cities in Europe - full of history, culture, culinary delights, and one of the best nightlife scenes in the world. Whether you want to explore landmarks, eat tapas, enjoy art, or simply stroll through the vibrant streets - Madrid will captivate you.